Key Architecture & Workflow Highlights in Swarm Cluster:

1. Cluster Setup:

   • Built a Docker Swarm Cluster with 1 manager and multiple worker nodes.

   • All nodes were secured using firewalls and Docker overlay networking for container communication.

2. Jenkins CI/CD Pipeline:

   • Custom Jenkins image built with multi-stage Dockerfile, containing:

     • Only essential tools and binaries required for CI/CD operations.

     • Removed unused packages to reduce image surface area and minimize vulnerability exposure.

     • Periodic vulnerability scans using trivy or similar tools to validate image hygiene.

3. Pipeline Flow:

   • Code pushed to Git triggers the Jenkins pipeline.

   • Jenkins builds, tests, and pushes Docker images to a registry.

   • Images are deployed to the Swarm cluster using docker service commands via Jenkins scripts.

4. Secrets Management:

   • Sensitive credentials (e.g., DB passwords, API keys) stored and deployed using Docker Swarm Secrets.

   • Jenkins interacts with secrets only during deploy, ensuring no hardcoded values in the pipeline.

5. Security & Maintenance:

   • Jenkins agent containers use read-only volumes, unprivileged users, and ephemeral credentials.

   • No package managers or shell access included in final Jenkins image to avoid runtime tampering.

   • Reduced attack surface = fewer patches required.

6. Resilience & Monitoring:

   • Services set to restart automatically on failure (--restart-condition on-failure).

   • System logs and service metrics forwarded to centralized logging/monitoring stack (ELK or Prometheus optional).

Project 1 : CI/CI/CD PipeLine Within Docker Swarm Cluster/Kubenetes

Extension of the project in Kubernetes Cluster

• Created dedicated namespace for the Dev team (dev-namespace) to isolate resources.

• Configured RBAC roles and role bindings to provide namespace-scoped permissions (no cluster-level rights).

• Used Kubernetes secrets to store Docker credentials and private repo keys, referenced in Jenkins builds.

• Jenkins Master was deployed via a custom Helm chart in the ci-cd namespace, connected to the cluster via kubectl config set-context.

• Jenkins agents used Kubernetes plugin to dynamically spawn pods inside the pipeline's namespace.

• Integrated GitHub + Jenkins for webhook-based builds, and deployed apps using kubectl apply or Helm within dev namespaces.

Security Considerations

• Multi-stage Jenkins image was scanned regularly for CVEs (minimal base image like alpine or distroless).

• Jenkins credentials were mounted as Kubernetes secrets or Swarm secrets, never hard-coded.

• Role-based access control ensured that developers couldn’t access resources outside their scope.

• Used NetworkPolicies (K8s) and --publish controls (Swarm) to limit service exposure.

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